Warm greetings to all 🤩in the 30th post on #Day30 ! Today's post is the last post of my challenge journey 🌝.
✍🏻Before starting the post, I would like to THANK YOU all who motivated, supported me for not giving up to write the posts every day.
🍟In the end of 30 day posts marathon, we got insights to the main topics of Process Engineering. Today, we will use all this information in understanding of working principles of Thermal Power Plant.
✍🏻In the future's posts, we will learn every topic in a detailed manner, but this time our aim is to get a deep insight to the topics and see their applications. Last time, here we go 🚀🚀,
Introduction🧬
Thermal power plants help us almost half of the world's power demand, they use water as the working fluid. Today's power plants are capable to run under green efficiency by conforming to strengthen environmental standards. In this post, we will learn how a coal-based thermal power plant achieves this in a detailed step-by-step manner.
Generator🧪
By turning the shaft of this generator, we will be able to generate electricity. The generator derives motion from a steam turbine, the heart of the power plant. In order to turn steam turbine, we have to supply a high pressure an high temperature steam at the inlet of turbine. As the turbine absorbs energy from the high- energy fluid, its pressure and temperature drop toward the outlet. We can take a closer look at the uniquely shaped steam turbine rotor blades.
🧬High capacity power plant often uses different stages of steam turbines such as high pressure, intermediate pressure and low pressure turbine. So now we have met our objective, we have produced electricity from the generator.
How generators work? 🤔
If we can bring the low pressure and low temperature steam back to their original states which were of a much higher pressure and temperature then we can repeat the process.
Steam turbine working principle🤨
Steps
The first step is to raise the pressure, for this, we can use a compressor, but compressing steam is a highly energy intensive process and such a power plant will not be efficient at all.
How compressors work?😄
The easy way is to convert the steam into liquid and boost the pressure. For this purpose, we will introduce condenser heat exchangers which sit beneath the low pressure turbine in the condenser.
How condenser works? 🧐
A stream of cold water flows through the tubes, the steam rejects heat to this liquid steam and become condensed. Now, we can use the pump to increase the pressure of this feed water. Typically multistage traffical pumping is used for this purpose, that way the pressure will revert to its original state.
How pumps work?😱
The next task is to bring the temperature back to its original value. For this purpose, heat is added to the exit of the pump with the help of a boiler, high capacity power plants generally use a type of boiler called "water tube boiler".
How a boiler works?😮
This type of boiler pulverized coal is then burnt inside the boiler, the incoming water initially passes through any economizer session, here the water will capture energy from the flue gas. The water flow straight down-comer and then through water walls, where transforms into steam, the pure steam is separated at a steam drum. Now the working fluid is back to its original state (high pressure and high temperature). This steam can be fed back intro the steam turbine and the cycle can be repeated over and over again for continuous power production, but a power plant working on this basic Rankine cycle will have a very low efficiency and a low capacity.
What is Rankine cycle?🤔
💡We can increase the performance of the power plant considerably with the help of a few simple techniques. In the case of super heating, even after the liquid has been converted into steam, even more heat is added and with that steam becomes super-heated. The higher temperature of the steam, the more efficient the cycle. We should remember the Carnot's theorem of maximum thermal efficiency possible, but the steam turbine material will not withstand the temperatures of more than 600 degrees celcius, so super heating is limited to the threshold. The temperature of the steam decreases as it flows along the rows of the blade, consequently, a great way to increase the efficiency of the power plant is to add more heat after the first turbine stage. This is known as reheating and it will increase the temperature of the steam again leading to a high power output and greater efficiency, the low pressure size of the power plan are prone to suck atmospheric air, even with sophisticated ceiling arrangements.
🕯Note: Super Heating and Reheating also reduce the moisture content of the turbine.
🔧The dissolved gases in the feed water will spoil the boiler material over time, to remove these dissolved gases and open feed water heater is introduced. Hot steam from the turbine is mixed into the feed water, steam bubbles so generated will absorb the dissolved gases, the mixing also preheats the feed water which helps improve the efficiency of the power plant to an even greater extent, all these techniques make the modern power plant work under an efficiency range of 40-45%,
Now, we will take a look at how heat addition and heat rejection are executed in an actual power plant, the cold liquid is supplied at the condenser with the help of a cooling tower, the heated up water from the condenser are rid is sprayed in the cooling tower which induces a natural air draft and the sprayed water loses heat.
🧨This is how a colder liquid is always provided at the condenser inlet at heat addition inside the burning coal produces many pollutants. We cannot release these pollutants directly into the atmosphere, so before transferring them to a stack the exhaust gases cleaned in an Electro Static Precipitator, the ESP uses plates with high voltage static electricity to absorb the pollutant particles.
References📖
Additional Resources 🧪🔑
You can get deep insight about Process/Chemical Engineering from these sources😉:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcOFV4y5z8c Nuclear Energy working (recommended to watch all series)
https://www.futurelearn.com/ Learn 100% online with world-class universities and industry experts. Develop your career, learn a new skill, or pursue your hobbies with flexible online courses.
https://www.facebook.com/SPE.BHOS - SPE BHOS arranges technical, soft skill sessions and shares a lot of quizzes, competitions and related books for petroleum and process engineering students
https://www.instagram.com/p/CAXT-ZhlrRW/ Engineerium Mentoring Center Instagram page
https://www.facebook.com/engineeriummentoringcenter Engineerium Mentoring Center Facebook page
http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~mpj1001/learnfluidmechanics.org/LFM_L6.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCvYPclQNWM Heat Exchangers Explanation
https://t.me/ebookstorage/210-Introduction to Process Engineering and Design (2015)
https://t.me/ebookstorage/211-Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes
https://t.me/OilAndGas/18122Valve Sizing Sheet
https://t.me/ebookgate/1127Engineering Fluid Mechanics Book
https://coursemania.xyz/course.html?id=433291 Free course on Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
https://t.me/ebookstorage/178 Engineering Heat Transfer
https://t.me/ebookstorage/159 Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (9th Edition) (2018)
https://t.me/ebookstorage/18 Heat Transfer applications and principles
https://t.me/ebookstorage/171-Design and Operation of Heat Exchangers and their Networks (2020)
https://t.me/ebookstorage/215- Industrial Separation Processes (book)
https://t.me/ebookstorage/214- Advanced Process Engineering Control (book)
https://t.me/OilAndGas- Information about Oil&Gas (mainly arabic lang)
https://t.me/chemical_worlds- Chemical Engineering Books, Quizzes and GATE Study Group
https://t.me/chemical_environmental- Discussion group related to Chemical Engineering Problems
https://t.me/chemicalengineeringworld_cew- Everything related to Chemical Engineering
https://t.me/ebookgate- Chemical Engineering E-books (Telegram Channel)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqioh32NOJc8P7cPo3jHrbg- Piping Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQfMyugsjrVUWU0v_ZxQs2Q -Mechanics of engineered devices
http://chemicalengineeringguy.com/- suggests a wide range of courses in Chemical engineering (you can find free courses on topic of Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus)
https://www.youtube.com/user/LearnEngineeringTeam- suggests working principles of every engineered devices, equipment and etch.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR0EfsRZIwA5TVDaQbTqwEQ- suggests great information about pumps, compressors with animation.
🔥Now, time to say goodbye👋🏻 until new post 🧬 and Stay tuned for more content 😉🌝✨!
✏️Note: If you need one of those books or links, you can contact me via my email or LinkedIn profile. #process #processengineering #engineering #chemical #chemicalengineering #technical #education #dailypost #newpost #wixsite #day30 #thermal #plant #power #distillation #separation #separators #shellandtube #shell #heat #heatexchangers #design #bernoulli #technology #material #materialbalance #mass #massbalance #project #projectengineering #selfdevelopment #challenge #recycle #streams #purge #improvement #fluidflow #flow #centrifugalpumps #fluidmechanics #fluiddynamics #water #waterhammer #reliefvalves #selfactuated #contuinity #energy #equations #Pfd #processdiagrams #diagrams #piping #instrumentation #pid #development #examples #study #studentlife #fluidstatics #valves #gatevalves #globevalves #compressors #turbine #boiler
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